NAM Pres. and CEO J Timmons
Committed to being part of the solution every step of the way to protect the health and well-being
of our communities and country, manufacturers play a Critical Role in the COVID 19 Response.
As you confront fluctuations in supply and demand and changes in production
and operations, rest assure, Scott4U is available via email, phone, or video conference.
We can efficiently procure critical spare parts now and help avoid extended lead times in Q2-Q4.
(U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Jerome Adams, commenting on the corona-virus outbreak)
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Together, we are facing a truly unprecedented situation. The global corona-virus pandemic is affecting all of our families, our businesses, our communities, and our way of life. First and foremost, our hearts go out to anyone who’s been impacted by the virus, either directly or indirectly and grateful to those who work tirelessly to care for people in need.
Scott Process is taking all necessary precautions; Scott4U team members work remotely, and are adhering to CDC guidelines, while assisting our customers overcome the myriad of challenges caused by COVID-19.
Businesses are confronting significant and unique challenges including:
Preparedness is key and Scott4U is here to help you.
If you need immediate help securing parts or equipment for your facility, please contact a Scott4U engineer via email: Sales@Scott4U.com or phone: (973) 729-7971 x 101.
In this rapidly changing environment Scott4U is here to help our neighbors and customers.
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About Scott Process
Since 1989, Scott Process Equipment has focused on helping customers in the Bio-Pharm, Pharmaceutical, Chemical, Food & Beverage, Industrial, Personal Care Products, Cosmetics, Plastics and Polymers industry solve design problems. Scott Process Equipment Corp offers a robust product line, proudly representing pump, mixer, homogenizer, powder blender, sensor, controller, scale, valve, filling system, polymer test equipment, strainer, and heat transfer equipment manufacturers.
Engineers first, the sales team is focused on finding the right process equipment or an integrated system for each unique application. Decades of experience ensures their knowledge of equipment and the processing industry.
Honest, straight-forward and service-oriented professionals committed to their customers, Scott Process is Your Engineering and Process Equipment Resource.
About NAM
The National Association of Manufacturers is the largest manufacturing association in the United States, representing small and large manufacturers in every industrial sector and in all 50 states. Manufacturing employs more than 12.8 million men and women, contributes $2.37 trillion to the U.S. economy annually and has the largest economic multiplier of any major sector and accounts for 63% of private-sector research and development.
WHEN
Wednesday, March 25, 2020
NYIFT announced on March 11th that as a result of corporate travel restrictions, and their commitment to the health and safety of everyone involved due to the concern of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), they have made the decision to POSTPONE its NYIFT Suppliers Day Expo, Technical Seminar and Career Fair originally planned for Wednesday, March 25, 2020, to Tuesday, September 22, 2020.
Please stay safe and healthy and mark your calendars for September.
SCHEDULE
Technical Seminar – 9:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m.
“CBD & Hemp in Edibles: 2020 & Beyond”
View Program Below
Expo & Career Fair – 3:30 – 6:30 p.m.
Scott4U Booth 223
After Show Reception – 6:30 – 8:00 p.m.
WHERE
Meadowlands Expo Center
355 Plaza Drive, Secaucus, NJ 07094
Scott Process and the New York Institute of Food Technologists (NYIFT) invites you to participate in our largest event of the year being held on Tuesday, September 22, 2020 at the Meadowlands Expo Center in Secaucus, NJ. Returning to last year’s location. This Expo and Career Fair is open to all segments of the food and related industries. You will meet with companies and representatives from the beverages, dairy, seafood, baking, confectionery, pet, vitamins, nutraceuticals, fruit & vegetables, meats & poultry, retail foods, food service, packaging, processing, laboratory equipment, sanitation, analytical testing, computer technology/software, and many more! There will be over 250 exhibitors!
Technical Seminar Program
INTRODUCTION
Based on the known operating parameters of a Bematek colloid mill, it is possible to estimate the shear rate and shear stress experienced by each internal phase particle of an emulsion or dispersion while it is within the gap between the rotor and stator.
Before presenting the calculations, it must be emphasized that any such attempt to develop a mathematical model of a real world situation can only be viewed as an approximation. The real world seldom, if ever, conforms in every detail to our neat and orderly expectations. Our analysis is limited both by a less than perfect understanding of the physics involved and by the necessity to make certain assumptions in the mathematical treatment. Nevertheless, the colloid mill shear calculations performed for many years by the Bematek engineering team have proven to be very useful and reliable for designing colloid mills that perform up to the specified production requirements.
Bearing in mind the cautions noted above, the shear rate and shear stress generated within the rotor/stator gap of a Bematek colloid mill can be calculated as a function of the following basic operating parameters:
All of the other necessary variables can be derived from these fundamental quantities.
ROTOR TIP SPEED
The first step is to calculate the tangential linear velocity of a point on the working surface of the rotor. This is called the peripheral rotor tip speed (see Figure 32-003-1).
It is clear from Figure 32-003-1 that the diameter at the rotor surface increases from “d” to “D” as one travels through the rotor/stator gap. However, to arrive at a preliminary result for this basic analysis, we will consider the diameter of the rotor to be its exit diameter. A more complete analysis is presented in another Tek Talk issue.
Considering a random point (P) on the outer edge of the rotor, as shown in Figure 32-003-1, one complete revolution of the rotor travels a distance equal to the exit circumference of the rotor.
S= πD
Next, we apply an equation that relates linear velocity to angular velocity for circular motion:
v=S x N
By combining the two previous equations, we arrive at the desired result:
v =πDN/60 (32-003-1)
Where, v (ft/sec) = linear velocity at rotor surface
D (ft) = rotor exit diameter
N (rpm) = rotor rotational velocity.
Note: A conversion factor of 60 has been applied in the above equation to permit the expression of “N” in the more common units of rpm.
SHEAR VELOCITY
Having expressed the velocity of any point on the rotor surface in terms of known variables, we can now move on to an analysis of the phenomena within the rotor/stator gap. In order to accomplish this, we will approximate the rotor and stator surfaces in the immediate vicinity of any random point in the shear area by straight lines. Since the rotor/stator gap is typically three orders of magnitude smaller than the rotor diameter, this is justifiable. Then, a coordinate system is chosen so that the x-axis lies along the stator surface, and a random point (P) within the rotor/stator gap has coordinates (x, y) with a shear velocity of u. The situation is illustrated in Figure 32-003-2.
It is clear from the symmetry of the situation that the velocity at the random point cannot be a function of its x coordinate, because any other point along a horizontal line through this point is subjected to exactly the same shear forces. Now, as an initial attempt, assume that the velocity at P can be expressed as a simple linear function of its y coordinate:
u = Ay + B (32-003-2)
Where, u (ft/sec) = velocity at point P
y (ft) = y coordinate at point P
A, B = unknown constants.
In the equation above, the unknown constants must be determined from the boundary conditions of the problem. A known empirical fact from the field of fluid mechanics, which states that a fluid in contact with a solid object assumes the velocity of that object, leads to the following conclusions:
Thus, the following two equations can be used to express the boundary conditions:
uy=0 = A × 0 + B = 0
uy=h = A × h + B = v
The solution of this pair of simultaneous equations requires that B = 0 and A = v/h. By combining Equation
32-003-1 and Equation 32-003-2 and inserting these values, a final expression for the velocity at our random point is obtained:
u =πDN/60 ∙ y/h (32-003-3)
Where, u (ft/sec) = velocity at point P
D (ft) = rotor exit diameter
N (rpm) = rotor rotational velocity
y (ft) = y coordinate at point P
h (ft) = rotor/stator gap.
Notice that at y = 0 and y = h, the values calculated for “u” do indeed satisfy the boundary conditions. The fact that values for the constants A and B were found which led to a final equation meeting the boundary requirements indicates that the assumption of linearity was valid.
SHEAR RATE AND SHEAR STRESS
With the shear velocity equation completed, we are now prepared to complete the shear calculations. In the rectangular coordinate system, a velocity function that is independent of the x and z coordinates leads to the following expression for the shear rate at our random point:
R =du/dy= πDN/60h (32-003-4)
Where, R (sec-1) = shear rate at point P
u (ft/sec) = velocity at point P
y (ft) = y coordinate at point P
D (ft) = rotor exit diameter
N (rpm) = rotor rotational velocity
h (ft) = rotor/stator gap.
Having calculated the shear rate, one final definition from the field of fluid mechanics completes the analysis:
Viscosity (μ) =(Sheer Stress (τ))/(Shear Rate (R))
Implicit in this definition is an assumption that viscosity is a constant that is independent of the shear rate. In other words the fluid viscosity is assumed to be Newtonian. Then, by substituting the shear rate from Equation 32-003-4 above into this definition, the shear stress is given by:
τ =μπDN/60h
Finally, by combining all constants and converting viscosity to cP, the above equation becomes:
τ = (1.09 × 10–6 ) × μDN/h (32-003-5)
Where, τ (lb/ft2) = shear stress
μ (cP) = product absolute (dynamic) viscosity
D (ft) = rotor exit diameter
N (rpm) = rotor rotational velocity
h (ft) = rotor/stator gap.
Equation 32-003-4 and Equation 32-003-5 above complete our task of expressing the shear rate and shear stress applied to any internal phase particle of an emulsion or dispersion passing through the rotor/stator gap, in terms of the basic operating parameters of the colloid mill.
A TYPICAL EXAMPLE
Now that all of the necessary equations have been developed, we can gain a feeling for the order of magnitude of some of these variables by applying the equations to a typical real world example. Let us assume that a hypothetical application has the following specifications:
Then, we can use the equations derived in the previous section to calculate the shear parameters as follows:
v =(π x 0.33 x 4800)/60 = 83.8 ft/sec
R =(π x 0.33 x 4800)/(60 x 0.00083) = 100,531 sec-1
τ =”(1.09 x 10-6)” x (1 x 0.33 x 4800)/( 0.00083) = 2.09 lb/ft2
From the above example, the ease with which these three important processing parameters can be calculated from the known basic specifications of the Bematek colloid mill should be obvious.
SUMMARY
Although several assumptions and approximations were applied during the analysis presented here, the three important relationships derived have proven to be remarkably dependable. As a basic starting point, these equations may be used with complete confidence to accurately analyze a wide range of processing applications.
Nevertheless, Bematek’s efforts to further refine the hydraulic shear analysis are ongoing. Additional improvements in the mathematical model may be achieved by eliminating some of the assumptions and approximations made here. Specifically, factors such as the non-Newtonian nature of most fluid viscosities and the conical rotor face in Bematek’s colloid mills are considered.
Viscosity of Xanthan Gum at various concentrations – The first video shows the viscosity and flow characteristics of correctly hydrated Xanthan gum solutions at a range of viscosities up to 6%. All samples were dispersed and hydrated using a Silverson High Shear mixer. A food grade Xanthan gum was used but it should be noted that results can vary widely according to the brand and grade of gum used. The mixing system will also have an effect on the final viscosity obtained as incorrect dispersion and hydration can cause agglomerates in the mix which will reduce the yield of thickening effect. The example here illustrates the viscosity and flow characteristics that can be expected with maximised yield when a solution is prepared using a Silverson mixer.
The Silverson Viscosity Comparison Guide – The 2nd video is a simple guide to the different viscosity (thickness) of everyday products. This guide is useful for gauging the viscosity of the product you are mixing, all products shown in this video can be processed using a Silverson mixer.
The incorporation of CBD into foods – as well as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals – is becoming one of the fastest growing trends in the process industry. Cannabidiol, also known as CBD is an oil derived from cannabis. It contains none of the psychoactive ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), so there is no ‘high’ from it. A variety of different products such as beverages, gummies, snacks and baked foods containing CBD oil are now available. Silverson mixers are increasingly being used for R&D and small scale production in this emerging market.
If you’d like to learn more, please view video in the Silverson Gallery
As seen in Processing Magazine By Frank Sequino June 10, 2019
Recalls and cross-contamination issues continue to plague food and beverage producers. Quite often, the problem can be traced back to a process step that is done in an open vessel. The pharmaceutical industry has addressed this by using closed vessels with magnetically driven agitators known as mag mixers, but the continued growth of the use of mag mixers is not limited to applications in the pharmaceutical market. There are also significant advantages in the food and beverage markets.
Mag mixers have been a staple in pharmaceutical processes since their inception, but there has always been an imaginary dividing line between the sanitary requirements in the pharmaceutical industry and those of other sanitary industries. For example, “clean” in the food and beverage industry isn’t the same as “clean” in the pharmaceutical industry. That line is becoming blurrier every day. Today, terms like ultraclean, ultrasanitary and hygienic are commonly used, but their interpretation seems to vary from one person to the next. Regardless of one’s interpretation, it is easy to see that the food and beverage industry is heading in the direction of the pharmaceutical industry in terms of sanitary practices. As product recalls grow more prevalent, the need for the industry to have isolation and containment during processing has never been more prominent.
Figure 1. Anatomy of a mag mixer
Azadeh Farahanchi, Rheological Scientist, Ph.D
Die swell has been used as a qualitative measure of polymer melt elasticity for quality control purposes in plastics industry. Die swell also can be used for analysis of extrudate smoothness in an extrusion process.
Die swell is expansion of extrudate after exiting the die. It happens as a result of the molecular orientation that is generated by the flow in the die (with the greatest extension occurring near the wall) and recoiling after exiting the die (contracting in the flow direction and expanding in directions perpendicular to the flow). In other words, this phenomenon is produced by plastic materials memory. As the extrudate exits the die, it tries to return to its initial molecular coil shape.
Dynisco LCR capillary rheometer is able to measure the diameter of the extrudates using a CCD element detection and laser beam. This accessory element has the following specification: light source of 800 nm laser, resolution of 2.75 µm, measuring range of 0.13-23 mm, response time of 1.4 ms, and accuracy of +/- 0.003 mm.
For all your Mixing, Pumping and Filling Needs!
We enjoyed meeting and speaking with so many customers at the Scott Process Equipment Booth at the 2019 NYSCC Suppliers’ Day.
Committed to our customers, the Scott4U sales team is focused on finding the right process equipment or an integrated system for each unique application.
Engineering and Process Equipment Resource
Representing Premier Manufacturers
The MasoSine Certa pump is a highly reliable and economical Positive Displacement Pump for low sheer, no pulsation, high viscosity applications ideal for food & beverage, and cosmetics & personal care industries. The exclusive sinusoidal rotor overcomes the limitations of conventional rotary lobe pumps to produce powerful suction with low shear, low pulsation, and gentle handling…all with simple and fast maintenance and 3-A certification.
MasoSine engineers have overcome the limitations of conventional rotary lobe pumps to create one of the most efficient and reliable positive displacement pumps available.
See the equipment first-hand at the Scott4U Booth #1667 and schedule an onsite appointment and demo.
Products that will be Featured at the Scott4U Booth include the Watson-Marlow’s CERTA pump, Caframo Stirrers (BDC3030, BDC1850 & BDC2010), Silverson L5MA Mixer, Readco Powder Blender, Bematek’s Colloid Mill, and more.
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